Puritanism And Romanticism - 1825 Words

There have been three major influential movements in American history—Puritanism, Rationalism, and Romanticism. Each occurring during generally different time periods, they produced a number of different types of literature reflecting their beliefs at the time. The Puritans, being some of the first settlers in modern day America, relied heavily on beliefs they brought with them from the Church of England. Rather than simply being followers of their prior Church, Puritans believed in the Church as less of a structured organization and more of a spiritual journey or community. In these beliefs, the Puritans sought to bring religion, spirituality, and the Bible into mainstream thought. The Puritans had a number of other important beliefs†¦show more content†¦In reaction to these changes in the world, also not overnight, the Romantic movement began. Romanticism held the beliefs that nature is of the utmost importance and that human intuition should be held as more valuabl e than logic. Romantics at the time didn’t appreciate how Rationalism had ruined the sense of serenity and being one with nature. This movement, unlike the previous two, sought to bring the world back to what it was meant to be rather than attempting to explain why things happened or where they came from. Romantics simply believed in the idea that humans should be one with nature and appreciate the world for what it is. Each of these three movements would view the fairly modern idea of government spending on national security differently because of the beliefs and values they held during their time period. Government spending alone is a controversial subject matter, let alone government spending on such an crucial sector as national security. Currently, governments are far more established in their systems than they were during the time these three movements took place. At the time Puritanism began, the idea of a democratic society was purely fictional and had never been trul y applied in any country or state. Considering the fact that a democratic country was established soon after the Puritan movement, this essay will be focusing on the spending of major democratic governments such as the United States and the European Union. In the UnitedShow MoreRelatedAmerican Puritanism And American Romanticism1146 Words   |  5 Pagespeople viewed the world changed significantly between the time of American Puritanism and American Romanticism. American Puritans believed in a flawless society based on the core beliefs of the Church. As presented in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, American Puritans feared challenging the social norm because it would essentially lead to possessing a corrupt society. American Romanticism ideas differed from American Puritanism beliefs. Romanticists emphasized the power of individuals and believed inRead MorePuritanism, Romanticism And Transcendentalism In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne983 Words   |  4 Pages Although Puritanism, Romanticism and Transcendentalism do not coexist peacefully, these almost worldview kind of people groups are deeply embedded into three fictional characters from the book, The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This enthralling and rich classic which takes place in Boston Massachusetts during the time of Puritanism gives the reader not only a taste of the Puritans and their staunch attitude, but also of a less common way of thinking andRead MoreA Romantic View Of Hester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagessimplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel where one of his main characters, Hester Prynne, is surrounded by rigid and unforgiving Puritanism in seventeenth century Boston. Through Hester’s strugglesRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1434 Words   |  6 PagesEach character in the novel represents one or more philosophies including Romanticism, Reason, and Puritanism that one could adhere to in life. Romanticism focuses on the individual and preaches finding truth, Reason, involves the belief that one can use logic to solve anything and a perfect society will create perfect men, and Puritanism, where all that matters to anyone is God. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Hester Prynne s untethered adherence to several philosophiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 Pageskeep his true identity a secret, too. Each character in the book represents one or more philosophies including Romanticism, Reason, and Puritanism that one could adhere to in life. Romanticism focuses on the individual and preaches finding truth, Reason, involves the belief that one can use logic to solve anything and a perfect society will create perfect men, and Puritanism, where all that matters to anyone is God. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Hester Prynne sRead More Scarlet Critique Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesScarlet Letter including symbolism and irony. He emphasized the individuals role in the community and the role of women in society. Hawthorne used romanticism as opposed to the classical correctness of writing. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the 18th Century and stressed strong emotion and imagination. Puritanism was the belief that all humans are sinful and that it is only though God and the bible that one can find redemption. Hawthorne did not agree withRead MoreAmerican Literary Styles Of The Film Of All The Movies Directed By Tim Burton1051 Words   |  5 Pagesgalore has always been a repeated pattern in all of his films: Frankenweenie, Edward Scissorhands, and now Sleepy Hollow. Using costumes, tools and language, Sleepy Hollow reflects each of the three American literary styles of Puritanism, Rationalism, and Romanticism. Puritanism was shown a lot during the movie. In almost all the scenes involving Ichabod’s father, the Judge, or the towns’ people of Sleepy Hollow they defined what a true Puritan was by their behavior, along with what they believedRead More Comparing Romanticism in Plymouth Plantation, Birthmark, and Rappaccinis Daughter1140 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚     Puritanism and Romanticism differ in style, religious references, and plot content. Puritanism began to flourish with strict God-fearing Calvinists who had fled to America to escape religious persecution in Europe. With writers such as William Bradford and Edward Taylor, Puritan literature focuses on Gods role in the lives of the people and adopts a simple religious style of writing. Romanticism was introduced to Americans in the nineteenth century, delivering a fresh literary and artisticRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1187 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in Red Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter shows the early view of Puritanism by concentrating on sin, guilt, and its effects on society. Nathaniel Hawthorne conveyed a dark and romantic style of writing in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, impacting the society by focusing on the concepts of romanticism. The Scarlet Letter is considered a classic book and is still read today. Nathaniel Hathorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. He was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth ClarkRead MoreRomanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1461 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Literary Romanticism was a literary movement that started in Europe toward the late 1700’s and reached America in the early 19th century just in time for its peak years. Originally sparked by the Industrial Revolution, it was a response to the political and social conditions of the time as well as a challenge to the new type of scientific exploration and rationalization of everyday life. Writing that was grand and inspired great feeling and

Essay On Junk Food In Schools - 1222 Words

As stated by the recent study, more than 90 percent of school lunches refrain from serving fresh foods (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). School lunches are no longer prepared from scratch easily now entrusted to highly processed foods. Clearly, one-third of American children’s diet consists of fast food (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). Junk foods in schools have become a profound issue in many states of the US. Laws have been formulated to forbid unwholesome meals by expelling or reducing the accessibility of related foods held by the institutes. Here are several arguments that attest an awareness to moderate or prohibit processed foods. School systems opening the attainment of unhealthy foods should become accountable to the rapid rise of†¦show more content†¦To lessen the upsurge of obesity, institution programs should devise a balance in meals that are portion to scholars. A well-balanced meal, offering true supplements, sustains one’ s body and mentality to be durable and fit. Incorporating whole grain, fresh produce, and fruits to students’ meal aid the avoidance of gaining body mass. The resourceful occupation of the food’s nutrient is desperate for the care to fight against diseases in the immune system. Students, who consume too much-processed food, are high to risk having many diseases. Students may risk having the following: heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, and chronic health problems. â€Å"The CPC reports that childhood obesity increases the risk of chronic health problems, such as sleep apnea, joint ailments, type 2 diabetes, and asthma†(â€Å"Junk Food†). On the other hand, students that transform their eating standard of living can depress the threat from being inflicted on diseases. Referring to the article, â€Å"Food Fight†, alternations in the school’s menu needs to be formulated in order to bring in wholesome specials to the lunches. (â€Å"Foo d Fight†). The necessity for schools to make adjustments on reducing fats and sugars will make student’s meals more content. Even though students welcome French fries and pizza, a healthy diet’s school lunches, including smoothies, dairy, and fruits, will eventually make each pupil be thrilled and diminished the growth of obesity.Show MoreRelatedJunk Food Ban in Schools Essay722 Words   |  3 PagesAt the moment there is a restriction on junk food in schools for example vending machines in your school have changed from chocolate bars and crisps to nutri-grain bars and drinks. Junk food is not served as frequently and you may feel disappointed about this. I think the ban is a good thing since statistics show by the middle of the century, 2050, two-thirds of children will be overweight or obese if nothing is done. I wouldn’t like to be one of the people in those two-thirds and neither wouldRead MoreJunk Food Lurking In Schools: Can It Be Stopped? Essay113 7 Words   |  5 Pagesyour children off to school, you might worry about bullying or about their academic performance, but you generally don’t consider their lunch-time meal to be a potential problem. Now imagine, for a moment, your son or daughter is given the option between a juicy cheeseburger with greasy French fries and a healthier chicken salad. It’s a no-brainer what choice they will make. Now, stop imagining because you don’t have to. Instances like this are a reality everyday in many school cafeterias. In 2005Read MoreSchool Junk Food Reduces Health of Students Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pages School lunch started out as a program to help students focus on studies by getting the best nutrition from a meal at school. According to Julie Lautenschlager, in the book Food Fight, during World War Two, students were having issues with bad nutrition (61). There was a need to improve the overall health and ability of a student to concentrate during class. Lunches started out costing one penny. By the time I got to grade school, lunch was $2.00, and my mother laid out that money forRead MoreJunk Food Should Be Banned In Schools774 Words   |  4 Pagesor not junk food should be banned in schools. One side believes that students have the freedom to choose whatever they what to eat. While the other side argues that junk food needs to be replaced by a healthier alternative. There are plenty of different arguments that these sides believes in. For the concern of the health and wellness of the students, schools must completely ban all junk food in school. It has been implied by a number of news sources and other people that school junk food bans areRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Banned in Schools1647 Words   |  7 PagesZHANG 1 HAO ZHANG Documented Essay -Draft #3 Professor Warmbold English 120, Section 06 4 May 2013 Should Junk Food Be Banned in schools? My aunt, who has been in New York City for more than 20 years, told me that in the past, she always made her two sons’ lunches to take to school during school years which was more nutritive and less expensive. Her sons at that time were energetic and played outside a lot. But soon after, they did not bring their own lunches anymore. TheyRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Banned at School1699 Words   |  7 PagesShould junk food be allowed at school? Junk food is generally defined as â€Å"a diet high in processed foods and soft drinks† (Wiles et al., 2009, p.1). By definition, junk food contains artificial food colorings and preservatives, including fast food, oily foods, snacks and high sugary beverage. Students usually eat snacks between meals. According to McPhail et al. (2011), the snacking habit among students has increased in the past twenty years. This means students are taking more junk food in a higherRead MoreThe Secrets Behind Modern Food1534 Words   |  7 PagesModern Food As we all know, food is necessary for survival. The food many of us eat today is so unhealthy that our grandparents laugh in the face of our plastic-wrapped, and genetically modified fruit and vegetables. Food is changing every day from the healthy food our grandparents remember to the processed junk that is made in environment-killing factories. Whether in a restaurant or convenient store, healthy foods are no longer popular, people would rather eat the greasy processed food that happensRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing this issue is no easy task,Several experts have suggested implementing a junk food tax by the government. This would provide funding to regulate junk food, it is advertising, and many other areas improving our health. This idea has sparked a wide controversy in regard to the obesity issue, the benefits of such a tax plan, and our cherished individual freedom that health is our own responsibility. This essay examines, firstly the main reasons for the obesity epidemic, then focuses on theRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity895 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing this issue is no easy task,Several experts have suggested implementing a junk food tax by the government. This would provide funding to regulate junk food, it is advertising, and many other areas improving our health. This idea has sparked a wide controversy in regard to the obesity issue, the benefits of such a tax plan, and our cherished individual freedom that health is our own responsibility. This essay examines, firstly the main reasons for the obesity epidemic, then focuses on theRead MoreThe Problem Of Obesity And Obesity1505 Words   |  7 Pagesis spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, written by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity is a problem, but just to be sure we need to spend more resources to study it† (501). Smith says that somehow we are unsuccessful to solve the problem of obesity

Child Mortality in Bangladesh free essay sample

I convey my heartiest thanks and gratitude to Mrs. Ferdous Akhter, Module Director (Term Paper on Bangladesh Issues) for giving me an opportunity to prepare a Term Paper on the important issue that I proposed. I also acknowledge her encouragement, help and patience through the progress of the work without which the report would not be a successful one. I am especially grateful to Course Director, Mr. A F M Hayatullah for the inclusion of term paper as a module in the training course. I convey my best regards to course coordinator, Mr.Abu Saleh Mohammad Obaidullah for giving me advice while preparing the term paper. Overall, I thank Mr. A Z M Shafiqul Haque, Rector, BPATC to appreciate us to do better in the training program offering abroad tour and scholarship for M. S course. I owe to the writers whose study report I have used in this Term Paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Mortality in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also would like to thank the Librarian and the staffs there for their helping attitude at the time of using the library. Lastly, it will be incomplete if I do not convey my gratitude thanks to all the participants of 49Th Foundation Training course. This paper deals with the causes and impact of child mortality in Bangladesh. It will also help find the way to reduce the child mortality in Bangladesh. The success in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDG)-4 (Reduce Child Mortality) and the efforts behind the success will also be revealed through this paper. The focusing point of this paper is to present the current situation of child mortality and future plan to the way to reduce child mortality in Bangladesh. Knowledge of the causes of child death is important for health-sector planning since they relate to available interventions. This analytical paper has been prepared mainly depending on secondary data and literature review. The Secondary data has been collected from different published books, articles, online journals and website. The Child Mortality Rate in Bangladesh is decreasing gradually. Bangladesh is on the pace to go ahead in achieving the target of reducing Child Mortality.

Global Supply Chain Management of McDonalds †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Global Supply Chain Management for McDonalds. Answer: Introduction: A supply chain is an integrated system comprising of the employees, stakeholders managing technology to drive the activities (Christopher and Peck, 2004). This assignment will try to evaluate the internal activities as a response to the external factors impacting a firm. Company profile: The company chosen is McDonalds which is a global fast food restaurant chain. Thus different countries have difference in temperature, climatic conditions, legal and environmental regulations force the firms to adopt measures to bring in efficiency in their global SCM (supply chain management). The scale of operations of GSCM for McDonalds is 36000 restaurants, in 100 countries, serving 70 million customers daily. How it manages to establish close coordination across the globe (including any offshoring decisions and location-specific advantages) The supply chain management of a firm, is a process of mapping function that coordinates the flows of materials, information, money from supplier(s) and integrates activities towards the manufacturer (Harvey and Richey, 2001). The major activities are: procurement, warehousing, transportation and retailing. McDonalds which owns no manufacturing firms, but has a dedicated distributor Martin Bower LLC which uses its 15000 locations in US, handling (250-700) McDonalds restaurants by providing logistics and transportation and warehousing. The activities in McDonalds are credit and cash transfers, suppliers, transportation, warehousing and inventory, order fulfilment process, forecasting, production and sales information share. It has the company, suppliers, and franchisees the three legged stool concept in its business. The procurement strategy is based on the listing of the suppliers and their capabilities, terms of payment, at local area, region in any country (Manuj and Mentzer, 2008a). It assists local farmers in order to select high quality seeds, drip irrigation technology and refrigerated transportation system which is a location advantage that McDonalds has identified in terms of cost and time of delivery. Mehta (2004) argued that there are three logistical drivers : facilities, transportation and inventory. The national level SCM has been integrated to each retail SBU, and the perishable factor of food forced McDonalds to reduce storage time and wastage using the logistics drivers. The close coordination factor is important, as each restaurant outlet is a SBU, that has orders processed in POS (point of sale) affecting its internal inventory volume and anticipate the future demand. Weekly replenishment 3-5 times a week depending on strategic location and sales hence create a differential demand from each outlet through the globe. The push and process in McDonalds SCM is evident with suppliers trying to supply local produce at attractive rates (E-procurement) which needs stringent food grade quality metrics (HACCP, QIP) to pass. The pull of the retail restaurant POS creating a PO (purchase order) against the items sold at the end of the day, is a pull in the SCM which is basically the customer order of an item from the menu (Minner, 2003). The local factor of customising the SCM with a global menu is a challenge for McDonalds, and after the Horsemeat scandal in Tesco UK, transparency in food based GSCM (global supply chain management) has become very important for the company and the customers. This affects the customers buying decisions from the country where the food ingredient is sourced as GSCM needs standardised process maintaining the quality. The supply chain of the McDonalds is challenged by external factors like sustainability and CSR agenda, global food scandals has adopted a three E strategy: ethical responsibility, environmental responsibility and economic responsibility (Narasimhan and Mahapatra, 2004). In order to meet the above criteria, it has strict guideline measures for each of its McDonalds retail outlet so that they receive the fresh supplies of highest quality standards to meet consistency of taste in food production. The supplier agreements are with local focussing on long term relationships and not short term one time buy. The distance is a factor which in a perishable supply chain requires cold chain support all throughout (end to end) from suppliers (major, minor) (Harrison, 2001). Hence, at global level setting up of the chain, identifying the actors, processes, storage place, distribution strategy maintaining the temperature is all goal directed behaviour. It helps to maintain shelf life and the food freshness and nutritional value that is a prime importance for McDonalds brand image. The close coordination is thus not only maintaining local and global supplier relationships but to impose strict quality checks at the source and delivery, transit storage in order deliver the fresh food ingredients in spite of refrigerated vehicles. McDonalds has integrated IT systems (IP technology) replacing dial up networking that are allowing the store managers, to connect with the warehouse, and engage in seamless communication protocols and systems. The use of software allows tracking the various ingredients by volume, doing forecasting, and coordinating with the transport and logistics to get a timed delivery (Sarkis, 2012). How distinctive RD investments helped the company to increase its revenues: RD is the key differentiating factor for any business, but for the restaurants in the QSR (quick service restaurant) format, this is vital for survival as customers are fatigued with taste monotony and lack of options (Christopher and Holweg, 2011). Differentiation and creating distinctness through products and services has been the key strategy of the companies in order to increase the revenue stream. The firm level knowledge about the external factors of changing customer taste buds, economic downturn, increasing competitive landscape thus forces the firm level strategies to engage into RD. The streamlined food SCM has encouraged McDonalds to make it more transparent, visible with standardised approach (Frizell, 2014). This has encouraged the company to launch The Corner a McCafe venture which requires a completely different GSCM as tea, coffee dispensed is outsourced from different countries globally. Investing the above product lines also has the innovation in SCM in order to weed out risks, weather (tornado, hurricane), reduce the order to delivery lead time to preserve the food freshness (Supply Chain Council, 2012). This requires the firm to map the entire SCM at national and global level with stakeholders involved, against time stamped for movement of items from one point to another. The innovations which have been deployed are in the SCM where the use of software allows the managers to do dynamic transportation routing which optimises fuel (energy) spends as per McDonalds CSR strategy. It has made the total approach leaner when the data is compared between the decades (Argote and Ingram, 2000). The first innovation which McDonalds has brought in the restaurant business was the assembly line from automobile industry was adopted into the kitchen (Li et al., 2006.) The strategy is to serve fresh, upon receiving an order (pull) which forces the chef to swing into action. This lean approach uses processed mapped activities inside McDonalds kitchen that using WBS is able to deliver one item in an order at 90seconds. It is also innovation in service as during drive-in, the wait time is kept in mind as customer having paid also seeks consistency in quality (taste). There has been a shift in the operations management from warehouse to do DC (distribution centre) to do demand forecasting, supply planning and inventory management. It allows better management of product(s) flow in the SC network, greater and also supplier exchange with QIP (quality inspection process) accompanying it. Integrating the IT with RFID has allowed to track the consignment visibility, align the centralised procurement, integrate the production in each outlet and replenishment frequency. The DC gets items from different local suppliers (major or minor) and the items are stored in different temperature (-22 to -35C) zones that are despatched to the McDonalds outlets as per PO (purchase order) send through IT system. The perishability factor in mind, the distribution strategy with requisite order by volume aims in zero inventory. In the whole process of RD in food research, at global and local level, McDonalds is trying to engage the employees to understand the nation specific developments, customer behaviour and preferences in order to strike the right balance in products offered in menu and the services (Powell, 1992). This was done to reduce the threats of the longer lead times of GSCM. Scanning the environment there has been threats from pizzas, footers while pursuing localisation of the global strategy led McDonalds to native taste adaption that led to McDonaldisation of the rest of the world. It also engaged in active RD, trying to improve the quality of the native produce, identifying the capability of local suppliers, supporting the local farmers, stabilising the SC networking process in order to create a sustainable long term solution for that nation. This strategy therefore eliminates the disruptive GSCM threats, of procurement and also contributes to socio-economic development of native agri-produc ers. The investment for the franchisee in a new country is an adaptive continuum where feedback of the customers in the food ingredient, taste, form, shape, use of meat variants (beef, pork, chicken) due to different religious orientation has seen McDonalds innovating the global burger into innovative flavours. This strategy has paid off as an investment as wider options and variations in the taste has enticed the customers, McDonalds shedding global image and connecting closer with the customer preferences in food habits. What are the supply chain risks and associated mitigation strategy The supply chain risks are defined as the implemented strategies to manage the firm, which are vulnerable to threats and disrupts the SCM continuity element. There can be either everyday or exceptional risks in the SC network at global level which the firm needs to asses in order to achieve the KPIs (key performance) everyday. There are larger risks like social, economic, political in each country that affect the operations. For McDonalds which operate in over 100 countries has asked the franchisees to assess the SC network risk locally. In summer of each year, the risk assessment is done by the employees of McDonalds pertaining to the outlet they operate that is aggregated at national level city wise to form the country level risk parameter towards their operations. The supply risk analysis done allows to address McDonalds concerns of disruption of operations, sustainability concerns and deploy counter strategies where the efforts are concentrated to keep the SCM continuity (Frizell, 2014). Quantifying the risks and weighted average method helps to do a balanced approach to rate the risk propensity that affects the sustainability sourcing. McDonalds has identified that global deforestation has affected their environmental approach and found that climatic changes has affected their suppliers and their productivity. They developed a commodity team, which tracks prices of beef, chicken, coffee, oils (palm and canola) that are most likely affect their costing of an item from the menu. These upstream issues has led to identification of the risks that can potentially harm McDonalds operations and sales indirectly. There are country specific risk meters where the civil war is being rated negative as prevalent in some countries in Africa. In the last century when McDonalds was in the globalisation mode, it failed to assess these threats. The risk mitigation strategy however is different for each of the type of risks identified and listed by the firm. The above circumstances at different countries led McDonalds to form sustainable sourcing agenda at local level and global level (Christopher and Holweg, 2011). This has been a serious issue and has led to series of roundtables with inter country representatives. The SC networks were mapped and at each leg the scale and scope of the risk was ascertained with the counter strategies in place. This also led to educating the suppliers about the risk management and sustainability issues in the SCM. It set itself a goal in order to champion the procurement process uninterrupted. The global roundtable on sustainable beef has McDonalds to position itself as a large beef champion which meets its majority in US, EU, Middles East markets (Frizell, 2014). Thus the overall strategy showed that McDonalds earlier strategy of longer GSCM was reduced to smaller country specific SC networks capable of accepting the threats and managing them. It has also fragmented its upstream SCM from warehouses into more dynamic model of DC (distribution centres) which allowed to reduce the processing and sort the QIP process and meet the order fulfilment criteria faster. The enabler in this whole system has been IT and IS that has aided to create more visibility and traceability in the entire SC model. The above approach has also affect the offerings in the menu as 4V in the operations is also affecting the supply chain. The volume is high, variety is medium, while the variation in the demand is time scales specific, and higher visibility to meal preparation process is pressurising the SC process as internal functions needs fine tuning and alignment. These are important in-store which try to meet the customer centric service quality principles. The risk of a long wait at the table hence is mitigated by the McDonalds employees adhering to the food preparation speed, quality, dependability (consistency in taste quality), flexibility (ability to serve large volume of customers), and maintain the efficiencies of scale of operations (Sarkis, 2012). The risk of running out of food item in a retail outlet has buffer levels in the retail outlet inventory in case the local SC network disrupts. The collaborate SCM and supplier integration has been put into place where they are able to switch to supply McDonalds DC at short notice shows that the power resides with McDonalds brand converting the earlier push into a pull effect. How advanced technology means (e.g., Big Data analytics) help to maintain the competitive advantage. The phenomenon of bigdata is a fairly new where the data sets in large volumes when analysed is likely to reveal trends and patterns, associations between variables which are insights into the interactions (Chari et al., 2013). This data set can be structured, semi structured or unstructured which has the ability to depict only after it is mined. Though there are challenges of how the data is mined and captured, searched, shared, stored and transferred, the issue of its ability to reveal patterns remains a skill that is limited to the analysts of the data. This data if it reveals risks, indicating the resource failure to do resource prioritization, failure to understand the opportunities, is priceless when viewed as insights towards achieving efficiency (Hashem and Ranc, 2015). Essentially the modus operandi is to analyse the data which are constantly being generated by the logistics system. The application of big data in McDonalds can be the DC (distribution centre) where the procurement function delivers the list of items order by franchisee outlets. The use of radio emitting frequency applied to the magnetic field are already detecting the cargo movement in 3PL (third party logistics firms) in the airports leading to seamless movement of goods. For the McDonalds case, the supplier need to install each consignment to be delivered tagged by RFID, which will be captured automatically at the entry points. This will pass through the sensory channels for a QIP, which reduces the procedural hassle of wait time in DC. Thus the use of sensors, actuators, conveyor belts would make the movement of the items faster. The consequence can be faster throughput of the good movement in accepting and distributing from DC which will see an IT and IS integrated logistics systems for the firm level operations. Existing procedures show that, forklifts with one consignment in the DC can easily be located, with the position of the pallet and even trace the entry and exit of it at any given point of time (Hashem and Ranc, 2015). There is minimal human involvement and chances of error as bar coding in the SKU (stock keeping unit) leads to placing the consignment in the respective routes of transport and logistics. The above movement can be tracked over a period of time for weeks and months, and then analysed to reveal a particular trend. These are likely to be leading to more knowledge and emergence of a pattern thus will lead to actionable strategies to further streamline the operations. The future of the business is essentially is going to be based on data and IS, therefore is a indication for the SCM in a firm to implement systems, procedures in order to predict the risks in the business future. This is a strategy which the early adopters are using to gain the competitive advantage and lead the competition. The clear understanding with additional set of new data will also define more rational decisions from the firm level operations. The challenge to accept the bigdata insights as a mainstream business element has been found to boost the decisions 5X faster and robust (Chari et al. 2013). The data can be a revealation of the firm level operations and supply chain data which may not be predicted easily until it is analysed after being mined. It is beneficial for the McDonalds as its global operations 365X24 across 100 countries and its sustainability agenda will allow to monitor the logistics system (fuel spends) which contributes to the majority of firm level expen diture. Therefore by understanding the analytics and predicting, the risks the threats are eliminated. It can also allow maximising the efficiency and grabbing opportunities by streamlining the operations taking on the future problems that are unforeseen. References: Argote, L. and Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), pp.150169. Chari, S., Habeck, T., Molloy, I., Park, Y., and Teiken, W. (2013). A bigData platform for analytics on access control policies and logs. Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies - SACMAT 13, p.185. Available at: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84883085864partnerID=tZOtx3y1nhttps://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2462410.2462433. Christopher, M. and Holweg, M. (2011). Supply Chain 2.0: managing supply chains in the era of turbulence. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(1), pp.6382. Christopher, M. and Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain. International Journal of Logistics Management, 15(2), pp.113. Frizell, S. (2014).McDonalds Will Serve Up Sustainable Beef, Whatever That Is | TIME.com. [online] TIME.com. Available at: https://business.time.com/2014/01/07/mcdonalds-will-serve-up-sustainable-beef-whatever-that-is/ [Accessed 15 Aug. 2016]. Harrison, T, P. (2001). Global Supply Chain Design. Information Systems Frontiers, 3(4), pp.413416. Harvey, M, G. and Richey, R, G. (2001). Global supply chain management. Journal of International Management, 7(2), pp.105128. Hashem, H. and Ranc, D. (2015). An integrative modeling of BigData processing. International Journal of Computer Science and Applications, 12(1), pp.115. Li, S., Ragu-Nathan, B., Ragu-Nathan, T, S. and Rao, S, S. (2006). The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance. Omega, 34(2), pp.107124. Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J, T. (2008a). Global Supply Chain Risk Management. Journal of Business Logistics, 29, pp.133155. Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J, T. (2008b). Global supply chain risk management strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 38(3), pp.192223. Mehta, J. (2004). Supply chain management in a global economy. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 15(5-6), pp.841848. Minner, S. (2003). Multiple-supplier inventory models in supply chain management: A review. International Journal of Production Economics. pp. 265279. Narasimhan, R. and Mahapatra, S. (2004). Decision models in global supply chain management. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(1), pp.2127. Powell, T, C. (1992). Organizational alignment as competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 13(2), pp.119134. Sarkis, J. (2012). A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(2), pp.202216. Supply Chain Council, (2012). Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Supply Chain Operations Management, pp.1976.

Major HRD Issues

Human resources development (HRD) has acquired a lot of attention lately as the contemporary highly competitive business world requires 100% productivity of the organisation and each member of the staff. There are a number of issues within the area of HRD which should be addressed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Major HRD Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is possible to single out four major issues which need special attention. These issues are concerned with productivity, training, motivation and diversity of the workforce. Notably, these areas are interrelated, which should be taken into account by HR specialists. Large amount of literature on development of office workers’ skills can be found nowadays. As for development of workers of manufacturing organisations (e.g. textile industry), there is certain lack of consistent surveys and research (Ghazali Halib 2012). It is possible to c onsider the major HRD issues in terms of manufacturing companies to outline main areas to research. Executives, managers and researchers agree that productivity is one of the major issues of HRD (Sims 2007). It has been acknowledged that productivity should become a priority for workers to make a manufacturing company profitable (Ghazali Halib 2012). Admittedly, workers of a manufacturing company should be motivated to work harder. Each employee should strive for 100% productivity. York (2009) provides an example of the importance of each employee’s involvement into the development of the company’s productivity. Thus, one of the General Motor’s plants in California experienced various issues concerning productivity. In 1984, the company started: a joint venture with Toyota†¦ with a focus on teamwork between labor [sic] and management and a collective bargaining agreement that described the workers as professional partners committed to the New United Motors Manufacturing Inc. (York 2009, p. 273) This incentive proved to be effective as productivity of the new venture was 40 per cent more efficient than a typical productivity of a GM plant (York 2009). The workers were motivated to perform better as they understood that their productivity could be beneficial for them and the overall company. This is only one of many examples that justify the importance of workers’ productivity as well as importance of motivation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Workers involved in textile industry can also be motivated in the same way. Though, it is necessary to admit that such measures are quite drastic. As has been mentioned above setting proper standards will be beneficial for any manufacturing company. High quality of products is crucial for textile manufacturing companies. Workers should understand that only specific quality of prod ucts can be regarded as acceptable and such characteristics as speed, amount of the products produced cannot be primary. Notably, there are many strategies to develop productivity. As has been mentioned above, motivation is one of the most important factors to pay attention to. The example of GM plant represents one of ways to develop motivation. Apart from making workers’ ‘professional partners’, it is possible to exploit a variety of strategies. Ghazali and Halib (2012) consider effectiveness of a specific incentive implemented on one of Malaysian manufacturing companies. The major motivation strategy was financial reward, i.e. additional payment for enhanced productivity. Reportedly, this incentive had quite controversial effects. On the one hand, workers were motivated to work harder and produce more. However, such commitment was not very cost-effective as it led to various defects, equipment breakdown, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to note that motivation strategies need to be developed and improved to fit specific industries. It is important to exploit a variety of motivation incentives, which are not confined to extra payment. Workers can obtain extra days off. It is possible to grant permission to work flexible hours. Promotion is a very potent tool to motivate workers of manufacturing companies. Training is also a very effective incentive to motivate workers. It is important to understand potential of each worker and if there is a worker who is eager to perform other tasks, supervisors and eventually the company’s owners should give this person such an opportunity. When it comes to textile industry, some workers may be interested in developing their skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Major HRD Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, some may want to develop computer skills and some may have desire to be a designer. All these inclinations and abilities should be taken into account. These workers can become high-skilled professionals, which will be beneficial for the company (and overall industry). When it comes to a textile manufacturing company, it can be helpful to present products of the company to workers who perform well. This incentive can be regarded as a motivation incentive as workers’ performance is appreciated and they are praised. At the same time, this can positively affect products’ quality as workers will remember that the products they produce can become their reward. Admittedly, people tend to create better things for themselves than for other people. Nonetheless, motivation is not the only factor that affects productivity, especially when it comes to manufacturing companies. Training plays a very important role in enhancing productivity. Birdi et al. (2008) claim that extensive training, empowerment and development of teamwork skills positively affect productivity of manufacturing compani es. At that, development of training programs requires quite a lot of precision. In the first place, Bayat (2011) notes that it is important to reconsider performance evaluation as existing standards do not meet needs of the modern business environment. Evaluation of productivity should be thoughtful. Many executives are eager to set quite high productivity standards which are hardly achievable. This strategy is very tempting but it is ineffective and even harmful for a manufacturing company as it leads to lack of motivation in workers. It is also important to take into account physical and psychological abilities of employees. Supervisors should understand whether a worker can fulfil this or that task. It is important to train workers who will be able to benefit from the training obtained as sometimes all workers take certain courses but never use the knowledge and skills acquired (Werner DeSimone 2011). Admittedly, this is not cost-efficient.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to manufacturing companies, training should address specific group’s needs. Each worker’s performance and potential should be taken into account. It is necessary to add that development of proper training strategies is one of the most serious issues in the contemporary business world. HRD professionals should work out incentives and programs that could address specific issues existing in a particular company. Productivity depends on effectiveness of these programs. Finally, training will positively affect industrial safety as workers should be aware of all standards, requirements and useful strategies. Sometimes it is believed that only large companies can benefit from training. However, a number of surveys show that small companies can also benefit from training and other HRD strategies (Grigore 2008). Many people deem that only big companies can afford proper training. Besides, owners of small companies often think training is costly and will not be rep aid. However, many researchers provide data which suggest that small companies benefit from training and HR development. Owners of small manufacturing companies often fail to understand that training can be regarded as one of strategies aimed at development of motivation. Workers will be motivated to improve their skills and develop new ones to increase their productivity, which, in its turn, will lead to financial reward. Another main issue to be considered is diversity at workplace. It is believed that diversity is a topic that has already been covered and there is no need in considering it. However, there is significant gap in literature on the mater (Curtis Dreachslin 2008). The contemporary workplace is highly diverse in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. All these differences can interfere with productivity of each employee and the overall company. Therefore, it is crucial to pay a lot of attention to this issue. Notably, diversity training has become quite popular lately an d many companies resort to a variety of strategies to raise diversity awareness among their employees (Werner DeSimone 2011). Sims (2007, p. 245) stresses that now the â€Å"diversity challenge centers [sic] not much on employees and customers but on management itself†. The researcher also notes that diversity awareness plays important role in teamwork development. It is important to note that some people think the best way out to address issues associated with diversity is to diminish it. Of course, this approach is ineffective due to, at least, two factors. First, it is hardly possible to diminish level of diversity in the contemporary world where governments ensure equality and diversity (Idowu 2012). Secondly, empowerment of women, globalisation, population aging contribute to high level of diversity at workplace. Thus, changing gender roles result in increasing number of women occupying different positions. The number of women in top management and among manufacturing c ompanies workers is steadily increasing. This contributes to high level of gender diversity. Globalisation is associated with people’s migration, which results in ethnical and cultural diversity at workplace. This is especially true for manufacturing companies where a lot of low-skilled people of different ethnicities are occupied. Population aging leads to quite a significant gap between generations at workplace, which leads to age diversity. Obviously, diversity can hardly be diminished. It is also necessary to note that researchers still argue about the role diversity plays. Some state that diversity positively affects companies’ productivity as people of different backgrounds have extensive experience they share to develop the company (Henry Evans 2007). At the same time, some researchers claim that diversity negatively affects employee’s performance as it leads to miscomprehension, misunderstanding and a variety of conflict situations (Jayne Dipboye 2004) . Both viewpoints have the right to exist as diversity can be beneficial for a company, but it can also lead to numerous issues if no diversity training is provided. Therefore, it is essential to raise diversity awareness among employees. When it comes to manufacturing companies, each employee should be involved in this training. There are numerous strategies to develop diversity awareness these days (Curtis Dreachslin 2008). Though major focus is made on such categories as students, top management, salespeople and healthcare professionals, researchers have developed certain strategies for workers of manufacturing companies as well. First, diversity training should address specific aims. It is necessary to start with particular issues and conflicts existing at workplace. Team building activities should also be a part of this training, or rather teamwork development and diversity awareness training should be incorporated into a single training strategy (Sims 2007). Sometimes languag e courses can be beneficial for workers as nowadays many people of different ethnicities work in manufacturing companies. As far as textile industry is concerned, diversity (especially cultural diversity) is a serious issue which should be addressed. Manufacturing companies often employ low-skilled workers who often have different cultural backgrounds. Apart from different ethnicities, workers of textile manufacturing companies are of different age and gender. Different ages and genders often lead to certain conflicts among workers. Supervisors as well as workers should have the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to solve various problems and avoid conflict situations. Ability to work in teams depends on workers’ ability to cope with issues associated with diversity. In conclusion, it is possible to note that companies need to address a variety of issues in the contemporary highly competitive business world. Human resources development should be one of the priorities f or any company. HR specialists should pay special attention to the following: productivity, motivation, training and diversity. These fields need special attention as they significantly affect profitability of the company. It is also important to note that these areas are interconnected and interdependent so they should be treated accordingly. It is important to develop training strategies that could address all of the following aspects: productivity, motivation and diversity. When it comes to textile manufacturing companies, HR specialists should pay special attention to motivation and diversity as these are key factors for this industry. Notably, there are quite many gaps in research and even such serious issues as productivity, motivation, training and diversity are under-developed. There is need in specific strategies and techniques which could be applicable in particular industries and settings. Of course, every HR specialist should also be ready to introduce effective techniqu es to enhance profitability of the company. Reference List Bayat, RF 2011, ‘Impact on the productivity of human resources management, performance evaluation’, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5.12, pp. 1629-1635. Birdi, K, Clegg, C, Patterson, M, Robinson, A, Stride, CB, Wall, TD, Wood, SJ 2008, ‘The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: a longitudinal study’, Personnel Psychology 61.1, pp. 467-501. Curtis, EF Dreachslin, JL 2008, ‘Diversity management interventions and organizational performance: a synthesis of current literature’, Human Resource Development Review 7.1, pp. 107-134. Ghazali, Z Halib, M 2012, ‘Productivity-based group incentive scheme: a human resource strategy for competitive advantage in a Malaysian manufacturing company’, European Journal of Social Sciences 28.1, pp. 101-108. Grigore, AM 2008, ‘The impact of human resources practices upon s mall companies performances’, Buletinul LX.2/2008, pp. 83-92. Henry, O Evans, AJ 2007, ‘Critical review of literature on workforce diversity’, African Journal of Business Management, pp. 72-76. Idowu, OF 2012, ‘Human resource diversity and organizational outcomes: managing differences or organizational culture’, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 1.12, pp. 1-6. Jayne, MEA Dipboye, RL 2004, ‘Leveraging diversity to improve business performance: research findings and recommendations for organizations’, Human Resource Management 43.4, pp. 409-424. Sims, RR 2007, Human resource management: contemporary issues, challenges, and opportunities, IAP, USA. Werner, JM DeSimone, RL 2011, Human resource development, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. York, KM 2009, Applied human resource management: strategic issues and experiential exercises, Sage Publications, Inc., London. This essay on Major HRD Issues was written and submitted by user Lilandra to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Delivering a Killer Dissertation the First Time Around

Delivering a Killer Dissertation the First Time Around Writing your masters thesis or doctoral dissertation is quite an undertaking with a long checklist of important characteristics to include to make yours a truly well done paper. In fact, there are five key areas to watch to assure your paper turns out a succinct and scholarly work:StyleFormatting and layoutQuotations, citations and referencesHeadingsGrammar, spelling, punctuation and other writing issuesNow youre stylinFirst and foremost, use what your school gives you. Most departments have some sort of general style guide, or at the very least, a checklist of points to model your dissertation after. The very thorough departments have whole dissertation handbooks, as well as sample paper templates and more. Dont just throw these at the bottom of a pile or never download them. They are quite valuable to you. Yes, it may make for a bit of laborious reading at first, but getting the margins, fonts, spacing and general style right the first is definitely worth the effort, as it will sav e you valuable time down the road.Whats more, get your own copy of the style guide your college recommends you follow for writing. A great deal of dissertations follow the APA Publication Manual (but not all do, so check in your dissertation guide/handbook to be sure). Yes, its another $20.00 you dont have to spend, but this guide is absolutely essential if youre writing a dissertation. Its a small price to pay for the peace of mind of being able to look up some questionable fact at 2 a.m. when youre revising your paper for the third time on deadline.Proper formatting and layoutNow that you have the two most empowering things to get you on your way to writing a great dissertation, its a matter of using them. Some people get caught up in the details and cant do a bit of writing until they know every little ounce of knowledge there is to know about how to write their dissertation properly. Others just jump right in and start typing, completely ignoring meaningful characteristics like margins, fonts, formatting and proper citations. To be a success the first time around, you need to land somewhere in the middle of these two extremes.That is, by all means you should open a document and make sure you have the margins, font type and font size set properly. You should know to have only one space between sentences. And you should also be sure your header or footer is properly formatted and has the required combination of words and numbers in it that your institution requires. But dont get so hung up on the details that you cant make strides in substantial writing of the document as well.Quotations, citations and referencesIncorporating the vital components for quotations and citations in your dissertations style is another key to a successful paper from the start. You must know how to properly cite an author within the text of your paper, with or without a direct quote. Also know how to format a longer quotation within the text. Dont just copy reference listings from other sources and assume they are correct in the style your paper uses. The three key references writers typically use most are a book, a journal article and a Web source. Do know how all three of these should look in your papers chosen style. The other odd exceptions you can look up when needed, but you will save yourself a world of time by committing these three types of references to memory.Heads up on correct headingsLikewise, knowing the correct way to format the levels of headings throughout the text are imperative. Most writing styles have anywhere from two to five heading levels that are typically used. Based on the style used (MLA, Chicago, APA), the heading placement differs from the center of page, left justified or at the start of an indented paragraph, and appearing in plain text, italicized, all capitalized first letters or just a capital on the first letter of the first word.Grammar, spelling, punctuation and other writing issuesNaturally, your professors expect a dis sertation that is free of grammar mistakes, loads of misspellings, misplaced or altogether missing punctuation and other marks of poor writing. In fact, some of the most commonly forgotten- but inevitably frowned upon by dissertation committees and advisors- are anthropomorphisms and personification issues.Anthropomorphisms and personification occur in writing when human qualities are given to something that is not human. For example, the sentence, The study examined five different dog breeds, is personifying an object, the study, which cannot truly examine anything. However, the researcher performing the study can. Therefore, a better and correct way to write the sentence would be, In the study, the researcher examined five different dog breeds. Another common habit of some writers is giving this same sort of human quality to an organization. For example, these sentences both present anthropomorphisms:The company mandated a 10% raise for all employees.The Department of Defense orde red an increase in troops.Correcting such personification is simple- a human element of the organization needs to be added. For instance,The leaders of the company mandated a 10% raise for all employees,Officials at the Department of Defense ordered an increase in troops.As you can see, its not rocket science to correct this often-made writing mistake, but it definitely makes for easier editing (and less criticism from ones dissertation advisor) when its handled as one does the writing, rather than having to correct multiple occurrences throughout the paper later.

What Are The Laws Of Directors Remuneration In Australia Are They Research Paper

What Are The Laws Of Directors Remuneration In Australia Are They Adequate, Effective And Efficient To Protect The Interests Of The Shareholders - Research Paper Example It is simply regarded as the salary of the directors that is paid by a particular company to the director. A director is viewed to be an administrative officer of a business entity and acts as a principal agent of a concern. The remuneration of the directors is not only provided in the form of salary but also in the form of bonuses, incentives and stock payments and other benefits. Different laws are applicable concerning director’s remuneration in diverse nations.It has been viewed that the remuneration reforms which formed by the Federal government of Australia attracted the response of various organizations as well as their respective directors and also made them to respond to make any sort of change in stakeholder engagement. However, the shareholders and the constitution frames by a company play a major part in determining the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia.1 In this discussion, the different laws concerning director’s remuneration in Australia will be taken into concern. Moreover, the laws are adequate, effective and efficient or not in order to protect the interests of the shareholders will also be portrayed in the discussion. Legal Issues Relevant To the Laws of Directors’ Remuneration in Australia The legal issues relevant to the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia can be processed under the recognition of Chartered Secretaries Australia (CSA). It has been apparently observed that the issue relating to directors remuneration received much attention in the year 2011. In this similar regard, this regulatory reform issue ranked third in the year 2012.2 Section 9 of the Corporations Act defines remuneration as any benefit that is provided to an employee or an officer belonging to a particular corporation. Moreover, the Act also described remuneration as compensation that comprises all employee benefits such as salaries, bonuses and wages among others. According to Chartered Secretaries Australia (20 09), the Australian Government newly released the Corporations Amendment Bill 2009 for public consultation. Under the guidelines of this law, it has been proposed that the termination benefits especially for the directors as well as the senior management officials will need approval from the shareholders. This practice would ultimately ensure higher remuneration scrutiny that includes greater responsibility and termination payments.1 The different legal issues that can be correlated with the laws of director’s remuneration in Australia are the ‘two-strikes’ rule, proxy voting, no vacancy rule, remuneration consultants and voting by key management personnel.3 The detailed analysis of the aforementioned issues has been described hereunder. The ‘Two-Strikes’ Rule According to the Corporations Act 2001, every listed company is required to make a remuneration report that should be submitted to a non- binding vote of shareholders at the Annual General Meet ing (AGM) of a company. The Act proposes to empower this requirement by forming ‘two strikes’ and re-election procedure. In this connection, the first strike would take place at the time when remuneration report of a company receives a ‘no’ vote of near about 25% or more. If certain situation arises, then it is the responsibility of the management officials of a company to convey the matter related to the board in order to take necessary steps or action. If a company does not convey any message relating to the matter, then the board would be liable to take necessary actions. The second strike would happen when the remuneration repo